State Embryonic & Fetal Research Laws as of January, 2008
| Permits research on fetus/embryo? | Restricts research on aborted fetus/embryo? | Consent provision to conduct research on fetus/embryo | Restricts research on fetus or embryo resulting from sources ther than abortion | Restrictions of purchase sale of human tissue for research | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 8 Yes | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Alabama | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Alaska | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Arizona | No | Yes, prohibits research on aborted living/non-living embryo or fetus | No | Yes, prohibits the use of public monies for cloning for research | No |
| Arkansas | No | Yes, prohibits research on aborted live fetus | Yes, consent to conduct research on aborted fetus born dead | Yes, prohibits research on cloned embryos | Yes, prohibits sale of fetus/fetal tissue |
| California | Yes, permits research on adult and embryonic stem cells from any source | Yes, prohibits research on aborted live fetus | Yes, consent to donate IVF embryo to research | Prohibits sale of embryos and oocytes. Prohibits payment in excess of the amount of reimbursement of expenses to be made to any research subject to encourage her to produce human oocytes for the purposes of medical research. | Yes, prohibits sale for the purpose of reproductive cloning or for stem cell research. |
| Colorado | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Connecticut | Yes, on embryos before gastrulation (a process during embryonic development) | No | Yes, consent to donate IVF embryo to research | No | Yes, prohibits payment for embryos, embryonic stem cells unfertilized eggs or sperm donated following IVF treatment |
| Delaware | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| District of Columbia | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Florida | No | Yes, prohibits on aborted live fetus | No | No | No |
| Georgia | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Hawaii | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Idaho | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Illinois | Yes, permits research on embryonic stem cells, embryonic germ cells and adult stem cells from any source | Yes, prohibits on aborted living/nonliving fetus | Yes, written consent to perform research on cells or tissues from a dead fetus other than from an abortion | Yes, prohibits research on fetus/fertilized embryo; prohibits funding under E.O. 6 (2005) of research on fetuses from induced abortions and the creation of embryos through the combination of gametes solely for the purpose of research | Yes, prohibits sale of fetus/fetal tissue; prohibits purchase or sale of embryonic or fetal cadaveric tissue for research but permits reimbursement for removal, storage, and transportation for research. |
| Indiana | Yes, permits fetal stem cell research on placenta, cord blood, amniotic fluid or fetal tissue. | Yes, prohibits research on aborted living/non-living embryo or fetus | Yes, consent required for fetal stem cell research | Yes, prohibits research on cloned embryos | Yes, prohibits sale of human ovum, zygote, embryo or fetus |
| Iowa | Yes, ensure that Iowa patients have access to stem cell therapies and cures and Iowa researchers may conduct stem cell research | No | No | No | Yes, prohibits transfer or receipt of the product of human reproductive cloning |
| Kansas | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Kentucky | No | No | No | No | Yes, prohibits sale of fetus/fetal tissue |
| Louisiana | No | No | No | Yes, prohibits research on fetus/embryo in utero, in vitro fertilized embryo | No |
| Maine | No | No | No | Yes, prohibits research on fetus/embryo born or extracted alive, only applies to in vitro fertilized embryos post-implantation | Yes, prohibits sale of fetus/fetal tissue |
| Maryland | Yes, permits research on adult and embryonic stem cells | No | Yes, written consent to donate unused IVF material to research | Yes, prohibits donation of unused oocytes for state funded cell research; cloning of an organism beyond the embryonic stage is prohibited | Yes, prohibits valuable consideration for the donation or production of IVF material |
| Massachusetts | Yes, on embryos that have not experienced more than 14 days of development (not including days frozen) | Yes, prohibits research on embryo/live fetus | Yes, written consent to perform research on a dead fetus and informed consent to donate egg, sperm, or unused preimplantation embryos created for IVF | Yes, prohibits research on live embryo or fetus; also prohibits creation of fertilized embryo solely for research | Yes, prohibits sale of neonate, embryo or fetus for illegal purposes; prohibits sale of embryos, gametes or cadaveric tissue for research |
| Michigan | No | Yes, live embryo/fetus | Yes, written consent of mother to donate dead embryo, fetus or donate to research | Yes, prohibits research on a live embryo or fetus, cloned embryo | No |
| Minnesota | No | No | No | Yes, prohibits research on a live embryo or fetus up to 265 post fertilization | Yes, permits the sale/purchase of cell culture lines from nonliving human conceptus |
| Mississippi | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Missouri | No | Yes, prohibits research on a fetus alive pre-abortion | No | No | Yes, prohibits receipt of valuable consideration for aborted fetal organs or tissue |
| Montana | No | Yes, prohibits research on a live fetus | No | No | No |
| Nebraska | No | Prohibits research on aborted live fetus or the use of state funds for research on fetal tissue obtained from an abortion | No | Yes, limits the use of state funds for embryonic stem cell research; restrictions only apply to state healthcare cash funds provided by tobacco settlement dollars | Yes, prohibits sale, distribution or donation of viable aborted child |
| Nevada | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| New Hampshire | No | No | No | Yes, prohibits the maintenance of a unfrozen fertilized pre-embryo past 14 days | Yes |
| New Jersey | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
| New Mexico | No | No | No | Yes, prohibits research on a fetus/embryo born or extracted alive, only applies to in vitro fertilized embryos post-implantation | Yes, prohibits abortion for the purpose of selling the fetus to researchers |
| New York | Yes, permits research on adult and embryonic stem cells from any source | No | No | NA | NA |
| North Carolina | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| North Dakota | No | Yes, prohibits research on a living/non-living embryo or fetus | No | No | Yes, prohibits the sale of a fetus to be used for illegal purposes |
| Ohio | No | Yes, prohibits research on a living/non-living embryo or fetus | No | No | Yes, prohibits sale of fetus or fetal remains from an abortion |
| Oklahoma | No | Yes, prohibits research on a fetus/embryo | No | No | Yes, prohibits sale of fetus or fetal remains |
| Oregon | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Pennsylvania | No | Yes, prohibits research on a live embryo or fetus | Consideration may not be given to mothers consenting to research; in cases involving abortion, consent must be provided after decision to abort | No | Yes, consideration may not be given to mothers consenting to research or other transferring tissue except for expenses involved in actual retrieval, storage, etc. |
| Rhode Island | No | No | Yes | Yes, prohibits research on a fetus/embryo born or extracted alive, only applies to in vitro fertilized embryos post-implantation | Yes, prohibits sale of embryo |
| South Carolina | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| South Dakota | No | Yes, prohibits research on a living/non-living embryo or fetus | No | Yes, prohibits research on embryo outside of a woman's body; research on cells or tissues derived from an embryo outside a woman's body | Yes, prohibits sale of embryo |
| Tennessee | No | No | Yes, consent required to conduct research on aborted fetus | No | Yes, prohibits sale of aborted fetus |
| Texas | No | No | No | No | Prohibits sale of fetus/fetal tissue |
| Utah | No | No | No | Yes, prohibits research on a live fetus, fertilized embryo post-implantation | Yes, prohibits sale of fetus/fetal tissue; also prohibits sale of live unborn children, which is not defined, but are referred to in abortion statute |
| Vermont | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Virginia | No | No | No | May prohibit research on a cloned embryo or fetus | Yes, prohibits shipping or receiving of the product of human cloning for commerce. |
| Washington | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| West Virginia | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Wisconsin | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Wyoming | No | No | No | No | Yes, prohibits sale, distribution or live donation of live or viable aborted child, defined to include embryos, for experimentation |
| Guam | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Puerto Rico | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Virgin Islands | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Notes: | Data are as of January 26, 2008. |
| Sources: | State Embryonic and Fetal Research Laws, National Conference of State Legislatures, January 26, 2008. Available at http://www.ncsl.org/programs/health/genetics/embfet.htm. |
| Definitions: | NA: No law identified by the National Conference of State Legislatures. |
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