Distribution of Workers with Alternative Work Arrangements by Type, 2005
| United States | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 68.2% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 18.4% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 8.0% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 5.4% | ||
| Alabama | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 55.1% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 37.7% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 4.5% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 2.8% | ||
| Alaska | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 52.2% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 33.3% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 4.4% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 10.1% | ||
| Arizona | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 82.8% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 7.3% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 6.3% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 3.6% | ||
| Arkansas | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 69.5% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 17.6% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 11.5% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 1.4% | ||
| California | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 66.3% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 21.5% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 9.4% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 2.8% | ||
| Colorado | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 79.1% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 9.2% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 7.2% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 4.5% | ||
| Connecticut | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 79.3% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 8.0% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 7.7% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 5.1% | ||
| Delaware | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 72.5% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 18.8% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 3.6% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 5.1% | ||
| District of Columbia | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 71.4% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 11.0% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 5.4% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 12.2% | ||
| Florida | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 77.0% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 12.1% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 7.6% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 3.3% | ||
| Georgia | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 73.4% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 20.0% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 4.0% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 2.5% | ||
| Hawaii | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 78.6% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 12.3% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 9.0% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 0.0% | ||
| Idaho | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 81.0% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 14.3% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 2.2% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 2.5% | ||
| Illinois | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 72.1% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 12.7% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 11.3% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 3.9% | ||
| Indiana | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 72.5% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 11.2% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 11.2% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 5.1% | ||
| Iowa | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 73.9% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 13.4% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 8.9% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 3.8% | ||
| Kansas | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 70.3% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 21.0% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 4.9% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 3.8% | ||
| Kentucky | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 57.4% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 20.8% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 13.2% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 8.5% | ||
| Louisiana | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 49.9% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 37.0% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 7.3% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 5.8% | ||
| Maine | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 66.8% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 25.5% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 4.3% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 3.3% | ||
| Maryland | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 71.8% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 10.9% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 2.9% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 14.4% | ||
| Massachusetts | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 75.7% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 12.3% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 8.2% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 3.8% | ||
| Michigan | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 60.8% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 21.9% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 13.3% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 4.0% | ||
| Minnesota | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 77.0% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 16.3% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 3.9% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 2.8% | ||
| Mississippi | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 65.7% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 17.5% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 12.7% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 4.1% | ||
| Missouri | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 77.0% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 15.6% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 6.0% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 1.5% | ||
| Montana | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 79.4% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 15.7% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 1.5% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 3.4% | ||
| Nebraska | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 74.2% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 15.4% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 5.8% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 4.6% | ||
| Nevada | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 63.7% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 17.5% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 13.1% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 5.7% | ||
| New Hampshire | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 60.0% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 19.7% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 14.6% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 5.8% | ||
| New Jersey | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 62.2% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 17.8% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 6.4% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 13.6% | ||
| New Mexico | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 57.0% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 37.2% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 3.0% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 2.9% | ||
| New York | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 65.5% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 21.7% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 6.6% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 6.2% | ||
| North Carolina | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 59.5% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 12.6% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 18.7% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 9.2% | ||
| North Dakota | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 66.3% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 27.7% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 4.8% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 1.2% | ||
| Ohio | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 65.4% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 23.2% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 7.1% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 4.3% | ||
| Oklahoma | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 75.0% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 16.1% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 8.8% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 0.0% | ||
| Oregon | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 75.8% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 15.2% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 5.7% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 3.3% | ||
| Pennsylvania | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 70.8% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 19.1% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 5.2% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 4.9% | ||
| Rhode Island | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 72.1% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 18.8% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 6.4% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 2.7% | ||
| South Carolina | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 72.7% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 15.7% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 8.9% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 2.8% | ||
| South Dakota | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 60.5% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 27.7% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 7.6% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 4.2% | ||
| Tennessee | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 69.0% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 20.4% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 9.4% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 1.2% | ||
| Texas | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 62.6% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 19.9% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 8.1% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 9.4% | ||
| Utah | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 72.1% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 15.5% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 7.5% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 4.9% | ||
| Vermont | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 82.3% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 13.3% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 2.2% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 2.2% | ||
| Virginia | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 56.3% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 14.1% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 8.4% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 21.3% | ||
| Washington | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 62.9% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 23.2% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 7.4% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 6.5% | ||
| West Virginia | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 41.0% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 41.1% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 10.7% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 7.3% | ||
| Wisconsin | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 79.7% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 15.5% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 3.8% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 1.1% | ||
| Wyoming | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | 53.7% | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | 33.7% | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | 4.5% | ||
| Contract Company Workers | 8.1% | ||
| Guam | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | NA | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | NA | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | NA | ||
| Contract Company Workers | NA | ||
| Puerto Rico | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | NA | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | NA | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | NA | ||
| Contract Company Workers | NA | ||
| Virgin Islands | Percent | 0.0% - 100.0% | |
| Independent Contractors | NA | ||
| On-Call Workers and Day Laborers | NA | ||
| Temporary Help Agency Workers | NA | ||
| Contract Company Workers | NA | ||
| Notes: | The number of permanent and temporary workers summed may not equal the worker total shown due to rounding. A temporary worker may be employed in an alternative work arrangement, though this is not necessarily the case. Temporary work is defined and measured separately from the four major categories of alternative work arrangements. Estimates of employment shown in the table are based on 2000 Census-based population controls. All employed persons, except unpaid family workers, were included in the survey. |
| Sources: | Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2006, Special Data Request. |
| Definitions: | Independent Contractors: Include independent contractors, consultants, or free-lance workers, regardless if they are self employed, wage, or salary workers. On-Call Workers: Individuals who are called to work only as needed, which may include being scheduled to work for several days or weeks in a row. Contract Company Workers: Individuals who are employed by a company that provides them or their services to others under contract. |
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